Addiction, 27-30, 32, 44, 46, 139; as a choice, 60, 383n; disease theory of, 106-107;maintenance of, 138, 192, 201, 248-255; rates of, 145-151, 171, 224-227, 236, 265; as "soldiers disease", 167-169; treatment of, 203, 255-257; to prohibition, 311, 315, 343. See also Drugs

Addicts, 20, 25-26, 33, 37, 39, 44, 100, 321, 359; as criminals 27, 29, 140, 174, 260-264; and HIV, 29-31; drug: characteristics of, 153-157, 160-161, 164, 166, 181-182, 245-247. See also Crime; Drug Treatment

Adler, William M., 101, 386n

Advisory Committee on Drug Dependence, 391n

AIDS, 44, 97, 100, 102-103, 116, 216, 224, 256, 269. See also HIV

Alaska: drug policy in, 119, 207, 330-331, 391n, 398n

Alcohol, 18, 25-26, 59, 61-62, 164, 182-183, 234-241, 246-247, 261, 263, 296; as legalization model, 35, 93, 125, 192, 194-196, 199, 202-203, 205, 209-210, 321, 323, 327, 336-337, 359, 361-362; prohibition of, 65, 133, 138, 184-185, 189, 193-194, 229-230, 243, 260, 354. See also Driving

Ali, Hirsi, 292-294, 305

Allen, Richard V., 187, 390n

Alexander, Bruce K., 103-107, 209, 386n

Allah, 278, 292

Allah Knows Best, 289

Almoudi, Abdurahaman, 282-283

Al Qaeda, 268, 273-274, 277, 306-310, 315-316, 373-374, 397n

American Pharmaceutical Association, 148

American University, 18, 25, 32, 52-53, 106, 188, 246, 286, 331, 341, 375; Institute on Drugs, Crime, and Justice in England, 27-28

Anderson, Kenneth, 286

Anslinger, Harry J., 142

Anti-Drug Abuse Act of 1988, 23, 42

Associated Press, 185

Atlantic magazine, 227

Australia: drug policy in, 28, 122-124, 157, 182

Baltimore: drug use in, 45. See also Schmoke, Kurt (mayor)

Beckett, Dale, 248

Beirut: bombings, 271

Benjamin, Daniel K., 194-196, 201, 390n

Benjamin, Disraeli, 297

Bennett, Brian C., 61, 94, 376, 383n

Bennett, William, 42-43, 205, 392n. See also White House Office of National Drug Control Policy

Bias, Len, 236-237, 239

Bin Laden, Osama, 267, 277, 306, 312

Blair, Tony, 298, 303, 396n

Blumstein, Alfred, 217

Boaz, David, 335-336

Bonino, Emma, 323, 338-342

Borden, David, 217, 324, 343-344, 346-347, 391n, 398n

Boston: crime and terrorism in, 173, 311

Bouyeri, Mohammed, 267, 290-291

Boxer, Barbara, 268

Brecher, Edward M., 103, 365, 386n, 394n

Brewer, Colin, 250-251

Brinkley, Joel, 32-33, 383n

Brown, Lucius E., 149

Brownstein, Henry H., 242, 260-262

Buckley, William F., 41

Bunn, Paul, 61

Bureau of Justice Statistics, 94, 384-385n

Bureau of Narcotics. See Federal Bureau of Narcotics

Burglary, 66, 174

Bush, George H. W., 21, 65, 94, 104, 124, 126, 385n

Bush, George W., 21, 80, 90, 118, 126, 133, 263, 268, 280-282, 299, 303, 307, 314, 351-353, 385n

Bush, Jeb, 125

Butler, Bates, 55, 111

Caffeine, 59, 196

Califano, Joseph A., 150, 388n

Canada, 19; drug policy in, 104, 255, 320-330, 344, 356, 386n, 397n; jihadists in, 274-275, 314, 354

Canadian Foundation for Drug Policy, 329

Cannabis Culture magazine, 355-356

Cappato, Marco, 323, 340, 343-345

Carpenter, Ted Galen, 336

Carter, Jimmy, 149

Cato Institute, 41, 335-337, 399n

Cauchon, Dennis, 385n

Census Bureau, U.S., 150

Center on Addiction and Substance Abuse, Columbia University, 150

Centers for Disease Control, 61, 386n

Center for Drug and Alcohol Studies, University of Delaware, 31. See also Inciardi, James A.

Chamberlain, Neville, 296

Chasnoff, Ira, 241

Chicago, 53; crime in, 173

Chinese immigrants: drug use and, 141, 153, 159-163, 165

Churchill, Winston, 181, 296, 389n, 395n

Civil War, 167-169, 389n

Clarke, Richard, 306-309, 394n, 396n

Cocaine, 36-37, 42, 62, 74, 78, 105-106, 114-115, 141, 148-151, 154, 172, 181, 183, 205, 207-208, 226-227, 238-243, 260-261, 313, 333, 335-336, 358-359; and federal prohibition, 137-139, 159.See also Crack cocaine

Cole, Jack, 50-51, 343, 348-350, 398n

Coleman, Tom, 386n

Collins, Fred, 122

Common Sense for Drug Policy, 61, 383n

Comprehensive Drug Abuse Prevention and Control Act of 1970, 15, 194

Conference of Mayors, 195

Congress, U.S., 91, 93, 119, 128, 137-139, 142, 149, 161, 163, 185, 188, 193, 195-196, 221, 235, 246, 269, 286, 329, 336-337, 352; Continental, 370-371. See also Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control

Constable, Pamela, 16, 382n

Constitution, U.S., 35, 117-118, 268, 283, 352; and drug policy, 70-71, 73, 85, 193, 223, 259, 384n; and mandatory minimum sentences, 77-78, 81

Copeland, Cary, 87

Corral, Valerie, 116-119

Corter, Lulu, 127, 387n

Costa, Maria Antonia, 16

Courtwright, David T., 145-147, 155, 165, 169, 389n

Cowan, Richard, 329-331, 376, 398n

Crack, cocaine, 59, 78, 105, 141, 151, 180-181, 205, 208-209, 233-240, 242-243, 261-263, 358; crack babies, 241-242, 392n

Crime, 5, 23, 38-39, 97-102, 229, 269, 281, 290, 308, 310, 313; drug related, 27-30, 35, 43, 65-67, 79, 85, 87, 104, 107, 110, 131-132, 146, 153-156, 160, 162, 165, 171-174, 182, 204, 216, 220, 227, 247, 249, 254, 259-265, 349

Cushman, Paul, 264

Dean, Diana, 275

Dennis, Richard J., 53, 226-227, 391n

Detroit, 101; crime in, 173, 174

Diconal, 246

DiIulio, John J., 102, 386n

Doe v. Renfrow, 384n

Driving: drug use and, 182, 210-211, 337, 361-362

Drug abuse. See Drug use

Drug Abuse Warning Network. See National Institute on Drug Abuse

Drug Czar, See White House Office of National Drug Control Policy

Drug enforcement, 43, 50-51, 66, 69, 97, 99-101, 188, 194, 362; and terrorism, 5, 310, 312-313, 316-317, 320, 337; costs of, 90, 93. See also Mandatory minimum sentences; Forfeiture

Drug Enforcement Administration, 90, 117, 180, 193-194, 223, 239, 337

Drug Laws, 15, 24, 55, 122, 384n; rationale of, 25-26, 37, 42, 90, 100, 104, 131, 133, 146, 315; unintended effects of, 50-51, 66, 74, 79, 101, 110; reform of, 179-180, 182, 216-221, 225, 243, 337-341, 355-356, 360-362. See also Prohibition; Drug Enforcement

Drug policy, 18-20, 25-26, 36, 39, 45-46, 56, 98, 177, 179, 216, 255, 335-337, 352; American versus other countries, 27, 29, 31, 92, 124, 157, 186, 211-213, 225, 249, 321-329, 341-342; and the war on terror, 312, 317

Drug Policy Alliance, 44, 94-95, 118, 183, 191, 333

Drug Policy Foundation, 41, 44, 51-52, 54, 116, 122, 188, 226, 352, 375, 382n; "America's Drug Forum," 46; International Conferences on Drug Policy Reform, 55, 191, 341

Drug policy reform, 20, 39, 44, 53-55, 101, 211, 320-322, 329-332, 338, 341, 346-351, 354, 356

Drug Prohibition. See Prohibition

Drug Reform Coordination Network (DRCNET), 324, 338, 346-356, 353, 385-387n, 391n, 398n. See also Borden, David; Smith, Phil

Drug testing, 237, 250, 259

Drug treatment, 30, 205, 253, 393n; abuse, 121-128

Drug use, 16, 25-26, 42-46, 50, 60-63, 69, 86, 91, 106-107, 134, 180-182, 201, 205-207, 219, 225, 234, 261-263, 326, 356; and AIDS, 31, 103-104, 382n; historical levels of, 140-141, 146-157, 161, 167-170; and terrorism, 313, 320

Drug war, See War on drugs

Duke, Stephen, 73-74, 384n

DuPont, Robert L., 126

Dutch model for drug policy, See Netherlands, The

Elberg, Phil, 126-127, 387n

Elliot, Captain Walter, M.P., 26

Ellison, Edward, 51, 188, 349, 390n

Emerson, Steve, 281, 285, 308, 317

Emery, Marc Scott, 355-356, 398n

Engelsmann, Eddy L., 157, 388n

Erickson, Patrica C., 393n

Evans, Richard M., 192, 390n

Eyle, Nicholas, 177, 202, 338, 376, 391n

Fager, Wesley, 122, 126, 387n

Fallaci, Oriana, 13, 382n

Farouq mosque, 279

Fatwa, 273

Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI), 180, 193, 312-317, 361-362, 385n, 397n

Federal Bureau of Narcotics, U.S. Treasury Department, 142, 149

Federal Judicial Center, 77

Fisher, Marc, 267, 277, 394n

Flaherty, Mary Pat, 87, 385n

Food and Drug Administration (FDA), 197, 256, 361-362

Forfeiture of assets, 85-87, 221

Free Muslims Against Terrorism, 286

Friedman, Milton, 41, 45, 65, 383-384n, 387n

Friedman, Thomas, 372

First Amendment, 286

Fortuyn, Pim, 291, 395n

Front Page Magazine, 280, 394n

Galiber Bill, 202-204, 390n

Galiber, Joseph L., 376. See also Galiber Bill

Ganssle, Joseph, 44. See also Narcotics Anonymous

General Union of Palestinian Students, 280

Gettman, Jon, 331-333, 376, 398n

Gieringer, Dale, 241

Glass, Marvin, 74-75

Gogh, Theo van, 288-290, 293, 295, 395n

Goldstein, Paul J., 242, 260-262, 392n

Grinnell, A.P., 148

Grinspoon, Lester, 205

Gull, Amar, 16

Hague, The, 290, 293, 395n

"Harm Reduction" and drug policy, 32, 39, 45, 54, 182-183, 206-210, 248-249, 264, 322, 329, 342, 345, 349

Harrison Act of 1914, 43, 137-140, 146, 149, 161, 169

Harrison, Francis Burton, 139

Hashish, 210

Hastert, Dennis, 267, 352-354

Health: drug use and, 110-111, 164-165, 174-175, 179, 200, 205, 215, 248, 254-255, 323-329, 349, 358, 360, 369; alcohol prohibition and, 229-230

Health and Human Services, U.S. Department of, 381n, 386n, 392-393n

Heroin, 26-29, 32-33, 36, 59, 62, 105-109, 114-115, 125, 131, 137-138, 141, 147, 149-150, 154, 156-157, 181-182, 200, 205-208, 215, 226, 234-235, 238, 246-263, 311, 321, 333, 337, 351-352, 358-359, 382n. See also Narcotics; Opiates

Hitler, Adolf, 296

Hitlerjugend, 55, 121, 124

HIV, 29-31, 103, 116, 382n. See also AIDS

Homicide, 98-99, 172-174; drug related, 46, 165, 234, 262

House of Representatives. See Congress, U.S.

Hurricane Katrina, 309

Hurwitz, William E., 113-115, 253

Illinois v. Gates, 73, 384n

Imprisonment: of drug offenders, 50, 78, 91, 104, 160, 286, 292, 323, 346. See also Mandatory minimum sentences

Inciardi, James, 145, 150-151, 155, 235, 242, 246, 261-263, 362-363, 383n

Indian Hemp Drugs Commission, 215, 220, 391n

Internal Revenue Act of 1890, 160

International Antiprohibitionist League, 15, 20, 188, 321, 338, 398n

International Opium Commission, 14

Islam, 273, 276, 278-283, 285, 291, 293, 302, 316, 394n

Islamic Supreme Council of America, 283

Islamist, 282, 294, 305, 316, 395n

Israel, 271-272, 276, 278, 280, 298-303, 313, 340, 370, 396n

Japanese internment during World War II, 133

Jihad, 274, 277-279, 282, 284, 290, 299, 301, 308, 378

Jihad in America: The Terrorists Living Among Us, 284, 395n

Johnson Adminstration, 93

Johnson, Gary, 188

Journal of the American Medical Association, 241, 392n

Judson, Horace Freeland, 23, 27, 29, 382n

Justice Department, U.S., 79, 85, 87, 99, 309, 385n

Kabbani, Muhammad Hisham, 283

Kampia, Robert, 330-331, 397-398n

Kane, Harry Hubbell, 161-166, 209, 388n

Kennedy, Justice Anthony, 79

Kerwin, Neil, 18

Khramov, Nikolai, 267, 342

King County Bar Association, 212, 360, 391n

King, Martin Luther, 98, 321

King, Rodney, 103

Kolb, Lawrence, 131, 156-157

Koran, 278, 291

Koren, Gideon, 392n

Kyvig, David E., 388n

LaGuardia Committee (Mayor's Committee on Marijuana), 391n

Law Enforcement Against Prohibition (LEAP), 15, 51, 338, 343, 348-350, 390n

Law-enforcement officials, 188. See also Drug enforcement

Leary, Timothy, 360

Le Dain Report, 391n, 394n

Lee, Harper, 154

Legalization of Drugs: debate over, 15-19, 23, 29-39, 105, 112, 123, 125, 129, 133, 140-141, 174, 216-219, 233-234, 240, 259-265, 313, 320-324, 357-363, 365- 369, 376, 391-392n; support for, 41-47, 51, 54, 74-80, 222-227, 329-356, 390n; proposals for, 177-189, 191-197, 201-206, 208-213, 221, 243-257, 326-329

Le Monde, 290

Lender, Mark Edward, 392n

Lewis, Peter, 181, 330

Libertarian, 41, 51, 188, 335, 390n

Limbaugh, Russ, 389n

Lindh, John Walker, 315-316

Lord, Nancy, 390n

Los Angeles, 87, 187, 233; airport, 70, 275, 354; 1992 riots in, 103. See also King, Rodney

Macdonald, Donald Ian, 122-124, 225

Macfarlane, Alan, 30

Macfarlane, Robert, 187

Mafoouz, Naguib, 281

Mandatory minimum sentences, 67, 77-78, 331, 336, 398n

Mandel, Jerry, 131, 167-169, 389n

Marijuana, 5, 22, 26, 36, 42, 55, 59, 61-62, 74, 78-80, 86-87, 93, 105, 142, 148, 151, 181, 197, 201-210, 219-222, 226-227, 236, 239, 243, 259-261, 313-314, 320-337, 355-356, 358-359, 361, 385n, 398n; as medicine, 44, 54, 92, 109-112, 115-120, 177, 215, 223-225, 333, 342, 350, 387n

Marijuana Policy Project (MPP), 118, 330, 333, 385n, 387n. See also Kampia, Robert

Marshall, Justice Thurgood, 55, 70

Marshall, Orville, 147-148

Martin, James Kirby, 392n

Massam, Alan, 29

Masters, Bill, 51, 188, 387n, 390n

Mauer, Marc, 385n

Maugham, Somerset, 209

McCaffrey, Barry, 215, 224-225

McCullough, David, 370-371, 398n

Medicalization, 26, 29, 32, 39, 54, 192, 329

Medical use of drugs, 14, 29, 39, 54, 60-61, 92, 110-120, 132, 137-140, 149, 154-155, 167, 169, 199-206, 215, 223-225, 246-259, 321, 337, 350

Methadone, 28, 32, 111, 150, 245, 251-252, 254, 256, 264, 393n

Mexican immigrants: drug use and, 131, 141-142, 153

Millennium, 51, 242, 276, 308, 311, 394n

Miller, Leroy, 194-196, 201, 390n

Minneapolis: crime in,173

Miron, Jeffery A., 56-57, 93, 385n

Mohamed, Faison, 16

Morley, Jefferson, 239

Morphine, 28, 32, 106, 109, 111, 131, 137, 147-148, 150, 154, 156, 167-168, 238, 248, 383n. See also "Solider's Disease"

Mowlam, Mo, 5, 390n

Mufti of Jerusalem, 278

Munroe, John, 394n

Murder. See Homicide

Muslim Community School, 277

Musto, David, 140-142, 145-148, 387n

Nadelmann, Ethan A., 41

Narcotics, 25-27, 31-32, 34, 50, 65, 104, 139, 146, 148-149, 155, 161, 172, 200, 248, 257; agents, 112, 115

Narcotics Anonymous, 44, 247

National Academy of Sciences, 215, 221-225, 391n

National Center for Health Statistics, 392n

National Commission on Marihuana and Drug Abuse, 221, 391n

National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States (9/11 Commission), 5, 21, 142, 269-276, 306, 309-312, 315-319, 390n, 397n. See also Terrorist attack on 9/11

National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, 392n

National Institute on Drug Abuse, 196, 239, 392n; Drug Abuse Warning Network (DAWN), 239-240, 392n

National Institute of Mental Health, 149

National Narcotics Intelligence Consumers Committee, 36, 383n

National Organization for the Reform of Marijuana Laws (NORML), 209, 329, 387n. See also St. Pierre, Allen; Stroup, Keith

National Research Council of the National Academy of Sciences, 221, 391n

National Task Force on Cannabis Regulation, 390n

Nawash, Kamal, 285

Needle exchange, 31-32, 39, 54, 256

Netherlands, The, 124, 289-293, 304, 306, 396n

Nevada: drug use in, 160-161, 330-331, 397-398n

Newton, Miller, 126-127, 387n

New York City, 202, 204, 384n: drug use in, 161-162, 320; crime in, 235, 242

New York State, 169; drug laws in, 177, 200-205, 376, 390n. See also Galiber Bill

New York Times, 32, 131, 142, 168, 241, 275, 351, 370, 398n

Newsweek, 236

Nicotine. See Tobacco

Nixon, Richard, 93-94, 221, 351

Nolin, Claude Pierre, 322, 324-325, 328-329, 355, 397n

Noriega, Manuel, 360

Office of National Drug Control Policy. See White House Office of National Drug Control Policy

Ofshe, Ronald, 74, 384n

Operation Greylord, 74

Opiates, 105-106, 110, 131, 137, 139, 149-150, 154, 156, 160, 164, 168-169, 250, 252. See also Heroin; Methadone; Morphine; Opium

Opium, 14-17, 139, 141, 146-149, 153-156, 159-168, 180-181, 192, 208-210, 219, 235, 237-238, 260-261, 361, 382n, 388n

Ottawa Citizen, 5, 397n

Panama Canal Zone Military Investigations, 391n

Pannella, Marco, 338-340, 345

Parade magazine, 246, 393n

Paregoric, 148

Pellens, Mildred, 147-148, 169, 382n

People v Bullock and Hanson, 384n

Perduca, Marco, 323, 343, 345, 376

Pittsburgh Press, 86-87, 385n

Pipes, Daniel, 281-283, 300, 394-395n

Police. See Law-enforcement officials

Poverty, 97, 250, 373

Prison. See Imprisonment

Privacy: drug policy and, 35, 69, 118, 127, 166, 174, 205, 259

Prohibition of alcohol, 133, 138, 185, 189, 193-194, 199, 229-230, 243, 260, 354

Prohibition of drugs, 14-15, 19, 22, 24, 35, 38, 47, 67, 70, 73, 78, 125, 129, 177, 179, 185, 187-188, 193-194, 196, 199, 207, 212, 216, 227, 229, 243, 261, 265, 269, 310, 320-322, 349, 372, 382n; effectivness of, 56-57, 65, 107, 171-173, 389n; origins of, 132-134, 137-138, 142, 146, 156, 161, 169

Pryor, Richard, 238

Public Health Service. See National Center for Health Statistics

Race: drug policy and, 103-104, 155

Raich v. Gonzales (Raich v. Ashcroft), 117-119, 387n

Rangel, Charles, 42-43, 246, 358-359

Reagan, Nancy, 126, 207

Reagan, Ronald, 52, 65-66, 70, 85, 94, 122, 124, 127, 177, 186-188, 384n

ReconsiDer: Forum on Drug Policy, 177, 202, 337, 348, 376, 398n. See also Eyle, Nicholas

Religious Coalition for a Moral Drug Policy, 44. See also Sirico, Robert

Ressam, Ahmed, 274, 314, 354, 394n

Robbery, 66, 99, 173-174, 347

Rolleston Committee, 248-249, 255

Rosenbaum, Marsha, 183

Safety First, 183, 389n

San Francisco: drug use in, 112, 116, 159, 163-165; crime in, 173-174

San Francisco Chronicle, 163

San Francisco State University, 280, 290

Saudi Arabia, 272, 276, 279-283, 292, 301, 312, 394n

Schaler, Jeffrey, 60, 376, 383n, 387n

Schmoke, Kurt, 41, 45, 195, 390n

Schneider, Andrew, 87, 385n

Schwarzer, William W., 77-78

Scott, Donald, 87, 385n

Searchfield, Robert, 29

Seizure of assets. See Forfeiture of assets

Select Committee on Narcotics Abuse and Control, U.S. House of Representatives, 42, 149, 388n

Sembler, Betty, 122-125

Sembler, Melvin, 123-126

Shanghai Opium Convention, 14-15

Sheik Ali al Timimi, 285, 287

Sheikh Omar Abdel Rahman, 279

Sheppard, Morris, 186

Shultz, George P., 41

Siler, J.F., 391n

Sirico, Robert, 44

Skinner v. Railway Labor Executives' Association, 384n

Slough, England, 276

Smith, Phil, 346

Smith, Richard, 236

"Soldier's Disease", 131, 167-169, 389n

Soloman, David, 391n

Soros, George, 52, 267, 351-354

Soviet Union, 55-56, 177, 186-188, 193, 341, 390n

Spooner, Lysander, 23, 38, 383n

St. Pierre, Allen, 330, 376

Straight, Inc., 121-129, 387n

Stroup, Keith, 329-330

Students for a Sensible Drug Policy, 72, 347

Stutman, Robert, 50-51, 112

Sullum, Jacob, 181, 389n, 392n

Supreme Court of Alaska, 205, 391n

Supreme Court of Illinois, 73

Supreme Court of Michigan, 78

Supreme Court, U.S, 53, 70-73, 77-78, 80-81, 118-119, 140, 194

Sweet, Robert, 78, 384n

Swygert, Luther, 55, 384n

Szasz, Thomas S., 41, 43

Taxation: drug policy and, 93, 95, 137-139, 160, 192, 204-206, 248, 285, 337, 352, 359

Terrorism, 5, 13, 16, 20-21, 32, 60, 97, 267, 270, 275, 281-283, 300, 311, 320; counter, 5, 21, 92, 286, 298, 301-303, 306-310, 312-317, 337, 352, 369, 374, 389n, 396-397n

Terrorist attack on 9/11, 14, 20-21, 278, 285, 301, 305-307, 313-315, 344

Terry, Charles E., 147-149, 169, 382n

Tobacco, 18, 60-62, 93, 150, 165, 168-169, 196, 205, 210, 230-231, 238, 321, 323, 327, 336, 383n, 392n

To Kill a Mockingbird, 154

Trafficking, drug, 44, 50, 74, 80, 91, 113, 141, 146, 237, 311-312, 315-316, 356. See also Crime

Treasury Department, U.S., 142. See also Federal Bureau of Narcotics

Treatment of drug addiction. See Drug Treatment

Trebach, Arnold S., 5, 29-30, 32, 123, 321. 382-394n; model of legalization

Trott, Stephen S., 85, 87

Turlow, Scott, 74-75, 384n

United Kingdom: drug policy in, 26-27, 29, 31-32, 114, 128, 154, 188, 211-212, 246, 248-255, 323, 376, 383n, 386n; Islamic extremeism in, 277, 295-306, 370

U.S. v. Ofshe, 74, 384n

United States v. Montoya de Hernandez, 70

University of Delaware. See Center for Drug and Alcohol Studies

USA Today, 87, 385n, 397n

Violence, 15-16, 35, 65, 101-102, 107, 142, 146, 169, 174, 192, 209, 216, 234, 241-242, 259-261, 278, 280, 284, 293, 390n. See also Alcohol; Crime; Terrorism

Walters, John, 37, 95, 321, 323, 392n

Wand, Patricia, 18

Ward, Marcellus, 45

War on Drugs, 5, 13-22, 26, 35, 43-44, 46, 50-56, 74, 78, 88, 90-94, 97, 103-107, 111, 115, 117, 120-121, 128, 142, 147, 150, 160, 177, 207, 211-217, 267-268, 311, 314, 319-320, 337, 348-350, 356-357, 383n. See also Drug enforcement

Watt, Melvin, 92

"Weed and Seed" program, 104

Weil, Andrew, 59, 383

Westermeyer, Joseph, 209

Whitman, Walt, 168

Will, George, 18, 392n

Wilson, James Q., 233-235, 242, 261, 392n

Women: drug use and, 71, 148-149, 153-155, 162-165, 200, 235, 241-242; Islam and, 273, 280, 290, 292-293, 372-373

Young, Francis L., 215, 223-224

Zeese, Kevin B., 52, 375, 379-380, 382-385n, 388-393n